When styling text in CSS, you may want to control capitalization to improve readability or maintain consistency in design. The CSS property used for this purpose is text-transform.

In this blog, we’ll cover:
✅ What text-transform does
✅ Different values of text-transform
✅ Examples of capitalization styles
✅ Best practices for using text-transform

1. Understanding text-transform

The text-transform property controls the capitalization of text. It allows you to:

• Convert text to uppercase or lowercase
• Capitalize the first letter of each word
• Control text casing automatically without modifying the HTML content

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2. Values of text-transform

1. uppercase (Converts all letters to uppercase)

h1 {
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>

Output:
👉 WELCOME TO MY WEBSITE

✅ Useful for making headings and titles stand out.

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2. lowercase (Converts all letters to lowercase)

p {
    text-transform: lowercase;
}

<p>THIS IS A PARAGRAPH.</p>

Output:
👉 this is a paragraph.

✅ Ideal for cases where uniform lowercase text is required.

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3. capitalize (Capitalizes the first letter of each word)

h2 {
    text-transform: capitalize;
}

<h2>hello world</h2>

Output:
👉 Hello World

✅ Useful for formatting titles and proper names automatically.

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4. none (Removes any text transformation)

span {
    text-transform: none;
}

✅ Resets text formatting if an inherited style applies uppercase or capitalize.

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3. Full Example: Applying text-transform to Different Elements

h1 {
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

p {
    text-transform: lowercase;
}

h2 {
    text-transform: capitalize;
}

<h1>this is a heading</h1>
<p>THIS TEXT WILL BE LOWERCASE.</p>
<h2>welcome to my blog</h2>

Output:

• THIS IS A HEADING
• this text will be lowercase.
• Welcome To My Blog

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4. Best Practices for Using text-transform

✅ Use text-transform instead of modifying text manually – This keeps your HTML clean and easy to manage.
✅ Avoid capitalize for sentence-based text – It only capitalizes the first letter of each word, even in cases where it shouldn’t (e.g., “the Quick brown Fox”).
✅ Pair with font-variant for small caps – If you want small capital letters, use font-variant: small-caps;.

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5. Conclusion

The text-transform property is a powerful tool in CSS for controlling text capitalization. It allows you to convert text to uppercase, lowercase, or capitalized format without modifying the original content.

Quick Recap:

✅ uppercase → Converts all letters to UPPERCASE
✅ lowercase → Converts all letters to lowercase
✅ capitalize → Capitalizes Each Word’s First Letter
✅ none → Keeps text in its original format

By using text-transform, you can ensure consistent text formatting across your website, improving both design and readability.